Which of the Following Is Not a Cloning Vector for Bacteria

Let us understand what vectors are in the contest of cloning procedures. Especially for molecular biology and biotechnology purposes. Vectors are the DNA molecules used as a tool. As they transfer foreign DNA fragments of interest to the host cell. In this article let’s find out about. Which of the Following Is Not a Cloning Vector for Bacteria. 

Cloning Vectors – Introduction 

Here, a vector in molecular biology is a DNA molecule. Moreover, it introduced foreign genetic information into a different cell.  

Further, vectors come in four main categories:

• Plasmids
• Viral Vectors 
• Cosmids
• Artificial Chromosomes

Moreover, it’s a multi-cloning site and the origin of replication. Also, a selectable marker features all designed vectors. 

• A transgene inserts plus a longer sequence. 
• Later, that acts as a vector backbone that makes up the vector. Typically, a DNA sequence. 
• Usually, the function of a vector is to isolate and multiply. Also, express the insert in the target cell. 
• When genetic information is further transferred to another cell. 

Expression Vectors 

Expression Vectors (Expression Constructs) are vectors designed. Especially to express the transgene in the target cell. 

Moreover, they typically have a promoter sequence that activates transgenic expression. Contrary to expression vectors, simpler vectors are here known as transcription vectors. 

Here, they can only replicate in a target cell but cannot express themselves. The insertion of expression vectors is here amplified using means of transcription vectors. 

Further, the insertion of a viral vector is frequently referred to as transduction. It’s typically called the transformation of bacterial cells. Also, transfection of eukaryotic cells. 

A double-standard often circular DNA sequence called plasmids. They may autonomously replicate inside the target hostess. 

Cloning Vector Characteristics 

Moreover, all vectors are carrier DNA molecules. Regardless of the kind of vector chosen. Further, carrier molecules generally need to share a few characteristics. 

• It needs to reproduce on its own inside the host cell. 
• It must have a special restriction site for restriction enzymes. 
• The donor fragments must not hamper the vector’s ability to replicate itself. 
• It must have a market scene. Often an antibiotic resistance gene is missing from the host cell.
• Later, they may be here used to identify the Recombinant cell. 
• Moreover, it should be simple to extract from the host organism. 

Origin of Replication (Ori) in the Host Cell

• To reproduce inside the host cell. Here, a vector must include the required nucleic acid sequence. 
• Using the host cell’s replication apparatus. Further, the vector replications begin at the Ori sequence.
• They have majorly more A and T nuclear sites than G and C. 
• In comparison to G-C pairings, A-T pairs have two hydrogen bonds. 
• As a result, the DNA becomes a single standard for efficient DNA replication. 

Sites for Multiple Clones (MCS)

Moreover, multiple cloning sites are a crucial component of a plasmid cloning vector. 

However, the vector molecules must have the proper sequence. So, they can simplify by the incorporating an insert fragment.

Here, a multiple cloning site is a brief section of DNA on a vector. Along with several restriction enzymes cut sites. 

However, for the identification and operation of restriction enzymes,  these sides are crucial. 

Cloning Vector Types

Plasmids 

• Plasmids are circular double-stranded DNA replicating elements. 
• Along with an additional chromosomal component found in bacterial cells. 
• Moreover, the size of plasmids ranges from 5.0 kb to 400 kb.
• Transformation is the process through which plasmids are here introduced into bacterial cells. 
• Plasmids can hold a DNA fragment with an insert size of up to 10kb. 

Bacteriophage

• Here, the term bacteriophage refers to viruses that infect bacteria. 
• Moreover, these obligate intracellular parasites feed on part. 
• Or all the host enzymes to grow inside the bacterial cells. 
• Bacteriophages are very effective in introducing the genome into bacterial cells. 

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs)

• Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) are reportedly small plasmids.  
• They may be further used to clone DNA pieces. Especially DNA pieces of 75 kb to 300 kb in size. 
• Moreover, the main use of BACs in genome projects.

Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs)

• Here, large DNA segment sizes range from 100 kb to 1000 kb. 
• They are further cloned using YACs, which are yeast expression vectors. 
• Moreover, they are here used for cloning huge DNA fragments.
• Also, for physical mapping complexes.

Human Artificial Chromosomes (HACs)

• Here, mammalian or human artificial chromosomes are often known as HACs and MACs. 
• However, they are still being here developed. 
• HACs are chromosomes that can substitute for the human cell population’s missing chromosomes. 
• Moreover, they are also utilized as carriers for introducing novel genes. 

The Utilization of Vectors 

• The most crucial class utilized for introducing foreign DNA into host cells. 
• For various applications in the cloning vector family. 
• The most significant use of vectors is the creation of designed organisms. 
• Along with a specific purpose. Such as altering E. coli bacteria to produce insulin. 
• Vectors can be here used to extract a specific gene sequence. 
• So, DNA Sequencing can be further used to identify its nucleotide sequence. 
• The cloning vector is here used to investigate the composition. Along with the function and synthesis of protein in various species. 
• Moreover, phage therapy is a type of medicine. 
• They are further used to treat various bacterial diseases in people. 
• Also, other animals by using bacteriophage vectors. 
• They are here used to detect illnesses like HIV, HCV, and CMV.
• The recombinant antigens have been also created using cloning procedures. 
• Clinical microbiology has here exploited the component DNA technology in various ways.  
• Including recombinant antigens, vaccinations, and diagnostic probes. 

Conclusion 

Which of the Following Is Not a Cloning Vector for Bacteria. Here, Cloning vectors are DNA molecules into which foreign DNA is here inserted. Moreover, scientists adapt naturally occurring structures. So, they can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA. These kinds of plasmids can be further modified to include genes. So, it can be useful for cloning and manipulating other genes. A modified plasmid that is further used for cloning is here known as a vector. 

Disclaimer 

Further, we hope that all the information may satisfy your curiosity relatively. However, we can guarantee that all the information is 100% accurate.